To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) and 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) and moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce Forage 32% more than control.

Background and Objective: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is one kind of drug rashes that is characterized by re-appearance of the lesions on the same sites after re-exposure to the causative drug. This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of FDE. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on a series of 100FDE cases, whom were admitted at the outpatient dermatology clinic of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital over a six-year period. The primary diagnosis of FDE was suggested according to clinical findings including a remaining hyperpigmentation at the site of healed skin lesion(s). Oral challenge test with a single low dose administration of the suspected drug was used to confinn the diagnosis. Recurrence of the lesion(s) at the same body area(s) was considered as positive result. Results: Most commonly causative agents were co-trimoxazole and codein, which were found in 88% and 3% FDE cases; respectively. The most common site of involvement was penile glans in 57.7% of male patients and trunk in 48.3% of females. In one patient, reaction to multiple drugs including co-trimoxazole, codein and tetracycline was observed and after re-challenge with each drug, re-appearance of the skin lesion at the same site was evident. Several patients reported concomitant acetaminophen intake, but there was no reaction to that drug. Conclusion: Co-trimoxazole is the most common cause of FDE.      

Fifteen Forage sorghum lines developed in sorghum breeding program in Iran were evaluated for Forage yield under Karaj condition in Iran in 2007-2009 growing seasons. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. Four traits including fresh fodder, dry matter, plant height and number of tillers were measured in each cutting. All treatments were harvested at two cuttings. Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences between growing seasons, sorghum lines, cuttings, growing season × lines, line × cutting, growing season × cutting and growing season × line × cutting interactions for all of traits. Since the growing season × lines and growing season × cutting interactions were significant, therefore, combined analysis of variance was performed for each growing season. KFS3, KFS1, KFS18 and KFS2 Forage sorghum lines produced the highest fresh fodder with 182.8, 172.4, 144.7 and 143.1 t.ha-1 and dry matter with 33.8, 30.3, 29.1 and 26.4 t.ha-1, respectively. Dry matter production of KFS17 and KFS2 was similar. However, KFS6 produced the lowest fresh fodder and dry matter with 106.6 and 21.8 t.ha-1, respectively. The highest and lowest plant height was recorded forKFS3 and KFS10 with 195.8 and 138.9 centimeter, respectively. KFS10 and KFS1 Forage sorghum lines produced the highest and lowest tiller number with 3.0 and 2.2 tillers.plant-1, respectively.

Background and Objectives: Ziehl-Neelsen stain is an initial route in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Some studies show the sensitivity and specificity of the methods of liquid media culture in rapid diagnosis of the disease. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between Microscopic Observation drug Susceptibility culture, Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Lowenstein-Jensen culture of sputum in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Material and Method: This was a descriptive study with the technique of observational-interview type. One hundred patients from Masih Daneshvari hospital were considered as pulmonary TB suspects. One early morning sputum sample was obtained from each patient and used for Ziehl-Neelsen stain, culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and MODS culture for drug susceptibility testing.Results: On sputum examination, 40% of patients were smear positive by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, while 30% had positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lowenstein-Jensen medium and 47% had positive MODS culture. This research showed a significant and direct correlation between MODS culture with Lowenstein-Jensen media (r=+0.39, P<0.0001). There was a significant association and a significant and reverse correlation between MODS culture with pleural effusion (r=-0.23, P<0.05). Multidrug resistance was observed in 55% of patients. Prevalence of positivity of these diagnostic methods among MDR patients was lower. There was a significant and direct correlation between MDR diseases with MODS culture. (r=+0.96 P<0.0001).Conclusion: due to increasing of MDR tuberculosis, rapid determination of resistance pattern is very important which is possible by using MODS cul ture method. However, since lower positivity of MODS culture is obtained in MDR patients, Lowenstein-Jensen culture method should be done as complementary method in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

One of the approaches to agricultural sustainability is using diversity of plant species, including Forage crops. A total of 64 accessions of Forage grass genus: Agrostis, Bromus, Dactylis, Festuca and Phalaris were sown in a field experiment, and their agro-morphological traits were characterized according to standard descriptors. A high diversity was observed for most of the studied traits on the genus. F test was significant for most of the traits based on one-way ANOVA. Duncan mean comparison method was performed to grouping genus based on the recorded traits. Phalaris located in the highest rank for herbage summer yield followed by Bromus, Festuca and Dactylis in the next group and Agrostis and Poa located in the last group. Results showed Forage grasses can be seemed as candidate to be used in agronomy systems due to the existence of high potential for forge yield in the studied materials.

Background and objectives: It is predicted that at least 10 million people will be hungry and malnourished in the world by the end of this century. To reduce the food insecurity, crop production will have to be doubled, and produced in more environmentally sustainable ways. This can be achieved by expanding the area of crop production, increasing per hectare yield and improving crop quality. Furthermore, during the second half of the past century, rise in per hectare crop productivity was due to improved or high yield potential. The productivity of plants are strongly influenced by environmental stresses. In the water scarcity condition, using deficit irrigation and appropriate cultivar are the most strategies to improve water productivity. A new generation of dry-tolerant Forage varieties would allow for landscape development in stresses environments and where fresh water is limited or not available for irrigation. Hence, the present study was to design with the following objectives: To determine yield and morphogical parameters of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Forage sorghum) sorghum bicolor), verities at different levels of irrigation and plant densities.Materials and methods: A field experiment was conducted during 2015 and 2016 at Aghghala salinity station. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in form of factorial split plot factorial experiment and replicated four times. At this research effects of irrigation frequency at four levels (irrigation after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days), and plant density at three levels (11.1, 16.7 and 33.3 plants per m2) on quinoa (Santa Maria and Sajama Iranshahr) and verities of KFS3 and Speed feed sorghums were investigated. Sowing date was the time of soil temperature reaching to 12 °C and the harvesting date was the time of 5% flowering of each plot. For yield estimation, after removing borders, 6 m2 harvested. Data were analyzed using SAS. Treatment means were compared using LSD at the 95%probability level.Results: Results showed that, the difference in most treats between treatments was significant. Investigation of dry Forage yield at irrigation treatment showed, irrigation every 5 days interval with dry yield of 6.01 ton ha-1 had the highest yield and yield components of dry Forage. With increasing plant density and dicrasing irrigation frequency dry matter dicreased but this dicreasing mostly accurse at interaction affect of irrigation every 20 days interval and plant density of 333000 plant ha-1. Plant density of 11.12 plants per m2 with yield of 4.98 ton ha-1 had the highest yield. The suitable treatment was variety of Santa Maria at 11.1 plants per m2 with dry yield of 4.77 ton ha-1 had the highest dry yield and variety of Speedfeed sorghum at plant density of 33.3 plants per m2 with yield of 2.53 ton ha-1 had the less ranking.Conclusions: In all, in order to high quantitative yield irrespective of variety, most frequently irrigation had higher yield than less and intermediate irrigation regime. Though, when comparing the four varieties, quinoa (Santa Maria variety (significantly with dry yield of 4.42 ton ha-1 produced higher dry Forage yield. The present findings suggest that in semiarid environments (where saving water is important) it seems that incrasing irrigation frequency is effective for good stand establishment in the saline soils could be insured if proper management is applied in the farms.

2In hospitals, healthcare-associated infections (HAI), also referred as nosocomial infections (NI), pose a significant challenge, leading to prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and mortality. Pathogens can be transmitted through high-touched surfaces, healthcare worker hands, and contaminated medical equipment. These infections are often caused by Multi-drug Resistance Organisms (MDROs), which are bacteria resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Patients with higher illness severity scores, older age, and longer ICU stays are at increased risk. The most common side effect of healthcare is nosocomial infections, which can happen in any setting. Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are potential causes for them, spread through direct or indirect contact. MRDOs, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and bacteria that produce Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), pose a significant problem because of their antibiotic resistance. Preventive measures such as air filtration, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning are important. Enhanced hand cleanliness, implementing contact precautions, and surveillance are crucial in managing MDROs. It is essential to use antibiotics judiciously and implement appropriate clinical measures. Further research is necessary to combat the proliferation of resistant strains. In conclusion, nosocomial infections caused by MDROs have significant public health implications. Effective prevention, control, and diagnosis are crucial in managing these infections. Preventive measures and proper antibiotic use are essential in controlling the spread of resistant bacteria.

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of preparing silage, determine nutritive value and characteristics of silage prepared from three genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) Forage (Sjama, Titicaca and Q12) in a completely randomized design. The chopped Forages were siloed with four replications in laboratory silos. After 60 days, the silos were opened and the appearance characteristics of the silages were examined. The quinoa silages were sampled for analysis concentration of chemical composition and silage characteristics. The results show that, the duration of sowing to the dough stage of seeds was 60 days in Kerman climate. In silage of Sajama, Titicaca and Q12 genotypes, the average of dry matter (P<0.01) was 20.36, 22.99 and 22.21%, the concentration of crude protein (P<0.01) was 13.50, 14.21 and 14.31% respectively. The characteristics score of silages were 16.75, 17.50 and 18.13 in a 0 to 20 scoring system for Sjama, Titicaca and Q12 genotypes respectively (P<0.01), Quinoa Forage silage had a high buffering capacity and were determined 273.09, 195.90 and 200.33 meq NaOH for Sjama, Titicaca and Q12 genotypes respectively (P<0.01). In general, the results have shown that quinoa Forage silage have an acceptable quality, especially in crude protein concentration and can be used as a substitution feedstuff in ruminant nutrition. However, there are many differences between genotypes in chemical composition and silage properties. It seems some genotypes (Sejama) don’t have the potential for silage production and more studies are needed to select the appropriate genotypes.

Drought is one of the major factors limiting productivity in agriculture and nutrition management, including the use of potash fertilizers, plays an important role in plant resistance to drought. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Forage amaranth in comparison with Forage millet, a split factorial experiment was designed and conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 and 2017 in Saadatshahr region of Fars province. In this experiment, three irrigation intervals (5, 10 and 15 days) were used as the main factor, potassium fertilizer (50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) and Forage plants (amaranth and millet) as sub-plots. The results of mean comparison of two-year combined analysis showed that amaranth had significantly more height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, dry Forage yield, ash percentage, crude protein and carbohydrate content than millet. Increasing the irrigation interval reduced the height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, 1000-seed weight, percentage of crude fiber, dry matter yield, ash percentage, and soluble carbohydrates. By increasing potassium fertilizer level, plant height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, percentage of crude fiber, dry Forage yield, ash percentage, crude protein percentage, ADF percentage and NDF percentage in the plant decreased. In general, it can be concluded that amaranth plant has higher yield and drought tolerance than millet and the application of 150 kg.ha-1 of potassium fertilizer can be recommended to achieve higher yield.